What is the use case for “hv charge” mode? Why would I want to come somewhere with almost full battery burning dead dinosaurs to charge it?
Here's a haptic/visual aid and some homework.
When you're on a long drive using HV to conserve your battery charge, you may have to stop for gas or other reasons. When you get back in your car, it's easy to just press the D button and take off without remembering to press HV. About 30 miles later, you look at your instrument panel and see you've been inadvertently driving in EV mode. You're then unhappy that you've used much of the charge you've been protecting. You weigh the option of selecting HV CHARGE to recover the charge you lost. However, when you stopped you had more than 12 bars of charge on your 20-bar High-Voltage Battery Charge Level Gauge on the left side of the Driver Information Interface. As
@Robert_Alabama explained, HV CHARGE will not continue charging the battery when you get to 60% (12/20 bars) of a full charge, so you're SOL. You probably don't want to stop and plug in your Clarity just to get back to more than 12 bars.
What you need is a way to remind yourself to press HV before you proceed on your way. What I use is a paper button-overlay that is shaped like the D button, but which reads HV instead of D. Just print
this JPEG file, cut out the overlay, place it over the D button, and tape one edge to hold it in place.
For your homework, memorize
this chart that illustrates the various modes the miraculous Clarity PHEV uses to minimize the use of gasoline and electricity. The bottom-right illustration attempts to explain why the Clarity might start its engine when you use regen braking while the battery is still fully charged. It is one of the more mysterious and difficult to explain aspects of the Clarity PHEV.
Another somewhat controversial illustration in my chart concerns Engine Drive mode, when the Clarity is cruising at speeds over 45 mph and the Engine Drive clutch closes to connect the engine through what is essentially a 1-speed transmission to the wheels. Honda says the Clarity PHEV can generate 212 hp, but then they say 121 hp is available in under battery power only (EV Drive mode) and 181 hp is available when the engine kicks in to generate more electricity (Hybrid Drive mode). That leaves only the third drive mode, Engine Drive mode. Is 212 hp possible in Engine Drive mode? Honda won't say, but many on this forum have theories about how Honda's claim of 212 hp can be justified. To me, it sure doesn't feel like 212 hp is available in Engine Drive mode.
I should note that you can't directly select EV Mode, Hybrid Mode, or Engine Drive Mode. Those are the underlying modes the Clarity uses to implement ECON Mode, NORMAL Mode, SPORT Mode, HV and HV CHARGE.
See, there are no dumb questions, just more (and likely irrelevant) answers than you were looking for.