I’m somewhat familiar with CAN systems. In our case, CAN is an acronym for Controller Area Network. The C is also replaced with Corporate and Campus in some cases. Our 2005 motorhome utilizes 2 multiplex modules and a Power Distribution Module to control automotive functions.
The multiplex modules are often described as having “self-resetting” breakers/fuses. They will reset, sometimes they act up and trip for no reason, when powered down for a brief period of time. Otherwise they will reset after the fault or short has been identified and repaired. There are no tradition fuses used to protect the circuits which the modules control.
It is curious that a single hot to ground short in your vehicle knocked out all communications. It sounds as though the intermittent short did, essentially, blow a fuse, which reset when the short ceased to exist and the over current situation was, temporarily resolved.