Yes, you are right about carbon pricing. I would argue that at least here in CA, BEV sales are largely supply limited. This is true for Model 3 (no inventory), Leaf (HMAC money factor for leasing near rate of some credit cards), all manner of Kia/Hyundai products, Clarity. e-Golf and Bolt are available but at end of model cycle. I3 supply of non-REX is limited in terms of interiors. Also, if you look at 2018 numbers, there is also a big dip in April numbers. Norway's numbers are fabulous (per capita), but they are using wealth from fossil fuel production to finance electric conversion which is a model that will only work in a few places.
This whole question about EV vs. ICE vehicle markets around the world is extremely complex.
A quick web search for average costs of electricity around the world reveals prices of about $0.08 / kWh (China) to $0.33 / kWh (Germany), but underneath all these prices are huge variables, including regional variability within each country, USD vs. other currencies exchange rates at any given moment, availability of low cost renewable generation (hydro, wind, etc.), mix & cost of other utility generation fuel sources (natural gas, oil, nuclear, coal), local & national government policies regarding taxation and/or subsidization, type (residential or commercial and fixed price or variable) and length (monthly or 5 year) of consumption contract, and etc. etc. etc.
And a quick web search for average costs of gasoline around the world reveals prices of about $0.13 / liter (Sudan) to $3.35 per liter (Zimbabwe). The core raw material -- petroleum -- is pretty much a globally-priced commodity in a single currency (USD), but the cost to convert raw petroleum to gasoline depends on a huge number of variables, such as local electricity prices, refining capacity & demand, refinery efficiency, transportation costs (ships, rail, pipeline, trucks), etc. And, always the big player in the room, local and national government policy on taxation and/or subsidization, bears a big role in determining local market prices of gasoline as well.
For me, the upshot of all of this includes: (1) gratitude that I don't have to try to figure this all out myself, as auto manufacturers and national governments must try to do, continuously and on a global basis; and (2) reinforcement of my own basic internal compass that would favor personal travel by the cleanest, yet affordable means, consistent with freedom of choice among available means.
IMHO, the Clarity PHEV is (for today, at least) actually the best of both worlds -- its owner may (basically) choose which energy source to use as fuel (electricity or refined gasoline) and the environmental, cost and other consequences that flow from that choice. And the Clarity (at least in the US and Canada) is reasonably affordable too. But, as auto manufacturers and governments conduct their alpha and beta programs over the next few years, don't hold your breath waiting for widespread market penetration in many places by the Clarity or even by the existing or forthcoming crop of pretty expensive hybrid, PHEV or BEV autos.
For any of you who may wish to wade further into this particular quagmire, here are some interesting links:
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/electricity-rates-around-the-world.html,
https://www.ovoenergy.com/guides/energy-guides/average-electricity-prices-kwh.html,
https://www.statista.com/statistics/263492/electricity-prices-in-selected-countries/ and
https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/gasoline_prices/. (I am sure there are plenty more data sources, too.)
