The Canadians have dedicated battery warmers. Here in the US we have a thermistor system. With a thermistor, internal resistance is higher at lower temperatures. Thus, initial charge energy does not go into the battery but is lost as heat-heat that warms the battery. As the thermistor heats up resistance decreases and charge starts to go into the battery. The thermistor system is not as robust as the dedicated battery warmer that the Canadians have.
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