When you're driving the car in either EV or HV mode, you'll notice that the battery is discharging and recharging constantly (could be several times a minute) so no, short charge cycles do not hurt the battery. In fact, to my understanding the most harmful thing you can do to Li ion batteries is to fully charge them and fully discharge them. For that reason, the electronic controllers never allow the battery to be fully charged or discharged. The debate is whether it would be beneficial for the battery if you only charged it to 80% and discharged to no less than 20%. That's not clear to me but someone had mentioned that Teslas provide this option during their charging cycles so there must be some truth to it. Also, for phones, the fast charging that you get these days does decrease battery life.